Traffic Law DUI/DWI
| Double Jeopardy Defense in DWI/DUI Cases |
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| Drunk driving defendants have challenged the constitutionality of the states' dual use of administrative license suspension (ALS) statutes and criminal driving while intoxicated (DWI) prosecutions with the so-called Double Jeopardy Drunk Driving defense. More... |
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| Pre-Sentencing Alcohol Evaluations in DUI/DWI Cases |
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| Most state laws governing driving under the influence (DUI) and/or driving while intoxicated (DWI) mandate that offenders receive intervention and treatment. According to these laws, if an offender is convicted of DWI/DUI, the offender is required to obtain a clinical substance abuse assessment to determine whether he or she will be recommended to complete a substance abuse education class or treatment program. More... |
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| Warrantless Searches of Motor Vehicle Occupants |
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| In the ordinary case, a search of private property must be both reasonable and conducted pursuant to a properly issued search warrant. However, law enforcement officers are empowered to search an automobile without a warrant, so long as it can be demonstrated that exigent circumstances rendered the obtaining of a warrant an impossible or impractical alternative and that probable cause existed for the search. The doctrine was initially premised on the notion that there was a constitutional difference between houses and cars, which are inherently mobile. However, mobility is no longer the prime justification for the automobile exception; rather, it is the diminished expectation of privacy which surrounds the automobile. More... |
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| Penalties for Criminal Offense of Driving While Impaired |
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| The penalties for driving while impaired tend to be less harsh than the penalties for driving while under the influence or driving while intoxicated. The penalties for driving while impaired do vary depending upon the state. In most cases the offense for a first time offender is considered a misdemeanor. More... |
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| Enhanced Sentencing for OUI/OWI Offenses |
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| The penalties imposed by states for operating while intoxicated (OWI) and operating under the influence (OUI) follow the same general pattern of penalties imposed by states enforcing laws for driving under the influence (DUI) and/or driving while intoxicated (DWI). Frequently, the sentencing provisions of the OWI/OUI laws impose greater penalties upon offenders who had prior OWI/OUI convictions, a prior related loss of license, or a "high" blood alcohol concentration (BAC). States vary in terms of the high-BAC threshold (which ranges from .15 to .20 percent), and the types, severity, and complexity of sanctions. More... |
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